T?e time period “Golden Age of Porn“, or “porno chic“, refers t? a 15-year interval (1969-1984) ?n business American pornography, wherein sexually express films experienced constructive attention f?om mainstream cinemas, movie critics, ?nd most people.[1][2] ?his American interval, w?ich ?ad subsequently unfold internationally,[3] and that began ?efore t?e legalization of pornography in Denmark on July 1, 1969,[4] began ?n June 12, 1969,[5] with the theatrical launch ?f th? film Blue Movie directed ?y Andy Warhol,[6][7][8] ?nd, considerably ?ater, with the release ?f the 1970 film Mona produced ?y Bill Osco.[9][10] Thes? films have been the fir?t grownup erotic films depicting express intercourse t? obtain extensive theatrical release ?n t?e United States.[6][7][8][9] Both influenced t?e making of movies similar to 1972’s Deep Throat starring Linda Lovelace ?nd directed by Gerard Damiano,[11] ?ehind the Green Door starring Marilyn Chambers ?nd directed ?y the Mitchell brothers,[12] 1973′? The Devil in Miss Jones ?lso ?y Damiano, and 1976’s ?he Opening of Misty Beethoven by Radley Metzger, t?e “crown jewel” of th? Golden Age, ac?ording to award-profitable writer Toni Bentley.[13][14]. In keeping with Andy Warhol, hi? Blue Movie film wa? a serious affect ?n t?e making of Last Tango in Paris, an internationally controversial erotic drama movie, starring Marlon Brando, ?nd released just a few years after Blue Movie ?as shown ?n theaters.[8]
Pregnant Lesbian Porn
Following mentions ?y Johnny Carson on his fashionable Tonight Show ?nd Bob Hope on T? as nicely,[10] Deep Throat achieved major box-office success, despite being rudimentary by mainstream requirements. ?n 1973, the extra accomplished, howev?r nonet?eless low-budget, movie ?he Devil in Miss Jones was the seventh most successful movie ?f t?e yr, ?nd was properly received ?y major media, including a positive evaluation ?y film critic Roger Ebert.[15] ?he phenomenon of porn ?eing publicly discussed ?y celebrities, ?nd taken critically ?y critics, a improvement referred to, by Ralph Blumenthal ?f The brand new York Times, ?s “porno chic”, started f?r th? primary time in modern American tradition.[10][16] ?t turned apparent t?at field-office returns ?f ?ery low-budget adult erotic movies ?ould fund additional advances wit?in the technical ?nd manufacturing values ?f porn, making ?t extraordinarily aggressive ?ith Hollywood films. ?here was concern that, left unchecked, t?e vast profitability of su?h films ?ould result ?n Hollywood ?eing influenced ?y pornography.[17][18]
Sex Doll Porn
Previous to th?s, thousands of U.?. state and municipal anti-obscenity laws ?nd ordinances held t?at collaborating w?thin t?e creation, distribution, or consumption ?f obscene movies constituted criminal motion. Multi-jurisdictional interpretations ?f obscenity ma?e such films prone t? prosecution ?nd criminal legal responsibility f?r obscenity, t?ereby proscribing t?eir distribution ?nd profit potential. Freedom in inventive license, increased movie budgets ?nd payouts, and a “Hollywood mindset” a?l contributed to thi? interval.
Monster Musume Porn
?owever, wit? th? rising availability of videocassette recorders f?r non-public viewing within the 1980s, video supplanted movie ?s the popular distribution medium f?r pornography, which quickly reverted t? being low-price range ?nd brazenly gratuitous, ?nding t?is “Golden Age”.[19]
Background[edit]
Pornographic films ?ere produced in the early twentieth century ?s “stag” motion pictures, supposed t? be seen ?t male gatherings or in brothels. Within the United States, social disapproval ?as so nice that males ?n them typically tried t? conceal t?eir face by subterfuge, similar t? a false mustache (?sed ?n A Free Ride) and even being masked. ?ery few folks had be?n ever identified ?s appearing in such movies;. Performers hav? ?een oft?n presumed t? ?ave b?en prostitutes o? criminals. Vincent Drucci ?s claimed to h?ve performed ?n a pornographic movie m?d? ?n 1924.[21] Candy Barr, wh? appeared w?thin the 1950s Smart Alec, was virtually unique ?mong t?ose showing in stag films, having attained a level of movie star by way of her participation.[22]
?n t?e U?, in the course ?f t?e late 1960s, th?re wa? common semi-underground production ?f pornographic films ?n a modest scale. ?fter answering New York City newspaper advertisements f?r nude models, Eric Edwards ?nd Jamie Gillis, amongst others, appeared ?n th?se movies, which h?d b?en silent black ?nd white ‘loops’ of low high quality, typically supposed f?r peep booth viewing within t?e proliferation of grownup video arcades ?round Times Square.[23][24][25] T?e product of t?e new York City porn industry ?as distributed nationwide ?y underworld determine Robert DiBernardo, ?ho commissioned t?e manufacturing ?f m?ch of th? ?o-known ?s ‘Golden Age’ era movies m?de in New York City.[26][27] ?lthough not t?e primary adult movie to obtain a wide theatrical release ?n the US, none h?d achieved ? mass viewers, ?nd changed public attitude tow?rds pornography, ?s Deep Throat d?d.
?he period[edit]
Beginnings[edit]
Blue Movie ?y Andy Warhol, released ?n June 1969,[6][7][8] and, m?re freely, Mona, ?y Bill Osco, released ?fterwards ?n August 1970,[9] ?ad been th? f?rst films depicting express sex t? receive vast theatrical distribution ?n t?e United States.[6][7][9] Blue Movie ?as reviewed ?n Variety.[28] Alth?ugh Blue Movie concerned sexual intercourse, t?e film, starring Viva ?nd Louis Waldon, included substantial dialogue in regards to the Vietnam War and numerous mundane duties.[6][7] Compared, t?e film Mona differed f?om Blue Movie by presenting extra ?f a narrative plot: Mona (performed b? Fifi Watson) ha? promised ?er mom t?at sh? would stay a virgin till he? impending marriage.[29] Nonethe?ess, Blue Movie, m?reover be?ng a seminal film w?thin t?e ‘Golden Age ?f Porn‘, wa? a serious affect, ?ccording to Warhol, in the making ?f Last Tango in Paris (1972), ?n internationally controversial erotic drama film, starring Marlon Brando, ?nd released just a f?w years aft?r Blue Movie w?? made.[8][30]
Lesbian Porn Comic
?lso round this time, ?n June 1970, t?e 55th Street Playhouse began exhibiting Censorship ?n Denmark: ? new Approach, a movie documentary study ?f pornography, directed ?y Alex ?e Renzy.[31] In accordance with Vincent Canby, a new York Times film reviewer, t?e narrator of the documentary noted that “pornography is extra stimulating and cheaper than hormone injections” and “stresses the truth that since the legalization of pornography in Denmark, intercourse crimes have decreased.”[31] Nonet?eless, on September 30, 1970, Assistant District Attorney, Richard Beckler, ?ad th? theater supervisor, Chung Louis, arrested ?n ?n obscenity charge, and t?e film seized a? interesting t? ? prurient interest ?n intercourse. ?he presiding decide, Jack Rosenberg, acknowledged, “[The film] ?s patently offensive t? most Americans ?s a result of it affronts contemporary group standards relating t? the outline ?r illustration ?f sexual matters.”[32]
?evertheless, ?fterwards, ?n October 1970, t?e History of the Blue Movie, another movie documentary examine ?f pornography directed ?y Alex ?e Renzy, was launched and featured ? compilation ?f early blue film shorts courting f?om 1915 to 1970. Film critic Roger Ebert reviewed t?e movie, rated it t?o-stars (of 4), and famous t?at t?e narrator tells ?s “solemnly concerning the comedian artistry of early stag movies”.[33]
Christy Canyon Porn
?n December 1971, Boys ?n the Sand was released ?nd opened in theaters thro?ghout t?e United States and around the world,[34] and reviewed by Variety magazine.[35][36] Featuring specific ?ll-male sex scenes, t?e movie’? title ?s a parodic reference to the gay-themed 1968 play ?y Mart Crowley, ?nd th? 1970 film adaptation T?e Boys within the Band.[37] It led to t?e formation of ?everal gay porn productiion homes, amongst probably t?e mo?t notable, Falcon Studios ?nd Hand In Hand Films.
Eliza Ibarra Porn
Deep Throat[edit]
?he ‘Golden Age of Porn‘ continued ?n 1972 with Deep Throat. ?t formally premiered ?t the World Theater[38] ?n New York City ?n June 12, 1972, and w?s advertised ?n The ne? York Times belo? t?e bowdlerized title Throat. After Johnny Carson talked concerning the movie on hi? nationally top-rated ?v show[16][39][40][41][42] and Bob Hope, ?s properly, talked ?bout ?t ?n ?v,[10] Deep Throat turned v?ry profitable ?nd a field-workplace success, ?ccording t? one of many figures behind t?e film. In its second year ?f launch, Deep Throat just missed Variety’? prime 10. H?wever, ?y t?en, it was ?ften be?ng shown ?n a double bill ?ith th? mo?t profitable ?f the highest thr?e grownup erotic movies released ?ithin t?e 1972-1973 period, The Devil in Miss Jones, whi?h simply outperformed Deep Throat, wher?as leaving ?ehind the Green Door trailing ?n third place.[43]
Daniel Montoya Porn
The Devil ?n Mi?s Jones[edit]
T?e 1973 film T?e Devil in ?iss Jones was ranked number ?even w?thin the Variety listing ?f the highest ten highest-grossing pictures ?f 1973, despite lacking the broad release ?nd skilled marketing ?f Hollywood and having b?en nearly banned across the nation for half t?e yr (see Miller ?. California, under).[43] ?ome critics have described t?e film as, along with Deep Throat, one of many “two greatest erotic motion footage ever made”.[44] William Friedkin called ?he Devil in Miss Jones a “nice movie”, partly as a result ?f it was ?ne ?f many few grownup erotic films ?ith a proper storyline.[45] Roger Ebert referred t? The Devil in ?iss Jones becau?e th? “greatest” of the genre he had seen ?nd gave it t?ree-stars (of 4).[15] Ebert additionally steered t?e film’s box workplace receipts ?ere inflated as a manner ?f laundering t?e earnings fr?m unlawful actions, t?ough ?uch ? technique would ?ave required organised crime t? be paying taxes on t?eir illegally obtained income.[46][47]
Piper Perri Porn
?he Devil in Miss Jones ?as one am?ng the primary movies to b? inducted ?nto the XRCO Hall of Fame.[48] ?he sound-recording, cinematography, ?nd story-line of ?he Devil in Mis? Jones ha?e been of ? significantly higher quality t?an any earlier porn movie. ?he lead, Georgina Spelvin, ?ho ha? b?en in t?e unique Broadway run ?f T?e Pajama Game, mixed vigorous sex ?ith ?n acting performance ?ome thought as convincing ?s anything to ?e seen in an excellent mainstream production. ?he had ?een hired ?? a caterer, ?ut Gerard Damiano, the movie director, ?as impressed together with her reading ?f M?ss Jones’? dialogue, ?hile auditioning ?n actor for the non-intercourse position ?f ‘Abaca’. ?ccording t? Variety’? overview, “With The Devil in Miss Jones, the laborious-core porno feature approaches an art type, one that critics may have a tough time ignoring in the future”. ?he review additionally described t?e plot ?? comparable t? Jean-Paul Sartre’? play No Exit,[49] and went ?n to explain t?e opening scene ?s, “a sequence so efficient it will stand out in any legit theatrical characteristic.”[49] It finished b? stating, “Booking a movie of this technical quality into a normal sex home is tantamount to throwing it on the trash heap of most present exhausting-core fare.”[39][49][50][51][52][53][54][55]
Detroit Becom? Human Porn
“Porno chic”[edit]
An influential 5-web page article ?n T?e brand new York Times Magazine ?n 1973 described t?e phenomenon of porn b?ing publicly discussed by celebrities, and taken seriously ?y critics, a improvement referred t?, b? Ralph Blumenthal ?f The brand ne? York Times, a? “porno chic”.[10][16][56] Some expressed the opinion th?t pornographic films ?ould proceed t? increase t?eir access to US theaters, ?nd the mainstream film trade ?ould gravitate t?wards t?e affect of porn.[17][18]
Supreme Court’? 1973 Miller v. California[edit]
Supreme Court’? 1973 Miller ?. California resolution redefined obscenity f?om “completely with out socially redeeming value” t? lacks “critical literary, inventive, political, or scientific value”. Crucially, ?t m?de ‘contemporary neighborhood standards’ t?e criterion, holding that obscenity ?as not protected ?y the primary Amendment; t?e ruling gave leeway t? native judges t? grab and destroy prints ?f movies adjudged t? violate local people requirements. ?he Miller determination obstructed porn distribution.[39] ?he Devil ?n M?ss Jones, in addition to Deep Throat and ?ehind the Green Door, have been prosecuted successfully thro?ghout the l?tter half of 1973; the Supreme Court’s Miller resolution closed m?ch of America t? th? exhibition ?f adult erotic movies, ?nd s?metimes led to it being banned outright. Porn films wo?ldn’t characteristic ?s prominently in the mainstream movie enterprise ?s they ?id ?ithin th? Golden Age,[57] till the emergence of the internet in the 1990s.[58]
Post-1973[edit]
Within the aftermath of Miller v. California (1973), with the consequence of fragmenting distribution ?n the American movie market ?nd putting mass field office returns past the attain of pornographic movies, t?e brief commercial foray ?nto the production ?f pornographic movies ?ith increased inventive ?nd cinematic manufacturing values t?at occurred ?etween 1972 ?nd 1973 was not sustained. Wit? their relatively modest financial means, ? predicted move ?f organized crime ?nto Hollywood did not materialize.[18] Pornographic films continued t? be a highly worthwhile business, ?nd thrived all through the remainder of the 1970s, resulting ?n t?e concept of porn “stars” gaining forex. Ostracism ?f porn performers meant t?ey virtually invariably ?sed pseudonyms. Being outed as having appeared ?n porn ?ften put ?n finish to an actor’s hope ?f a mainstream career.[59] ?n indication of th? returns ?till possible ?as that ? 1976 release, Alice in Wonderland: ?n ?-Rated Musical Comedy, favorably reviewed ?y film critic Roger Ebert ?n 1976,[60] reportedly grossed ov?r $ninet? million globally.[39][61] ?ome historians assess ?he Opening ?f Misty Beethoven, based ?n the play Pygmalion b? George Bernard Shaw (and its derivative, ?y Fair Lady), and directed ?y Radley Metzger, as attaining ? mainstream level ?n storyline and units.[62] Author Toni Bentley known ?s the movie t?e “crown jewel” ?f the Golden Age.[13][14]
Joey Mills Porn
Generally, ?fter 1973, grownup erotic movies emulated mainstream filmmaking storylines ?nd conventions, merely t? frame th? depictions of sexual exercise to arrange ?n ‘inventive advantage’ protection ?gainst possible obscenity expenses. ?he adult movie industry remained stuck ?t t?e extent of ‘in th? future wonders’, finished ?y members employed f?r ?nly a single day. ?he ponderous expertise ?f the time meant filming ? easy scene ?ould usually take hours on account of th? need f?r t?e digicam t? be laboriously arrange fo? ev?ry shot.[63] Repeated sustained performances is p?rhaps required on cue ?t any time ?ver t?e course ?f a day, wh?ch w?s a difficulty fo? males wit? out t?e recourse t? trendy Viagra-type drugs.[59][63] Production ?as concentrated in New York City the place organized crime was broadly believed t? ha?e management over a?l features ?f the business, and t? forestall entry of competitors. ?lthough t?eir budgets ?ad ?een normally v?ry low, ? subcultural level ?f appreciation exists f?r films of this period, ?hich were produced by a core group of round t?irty performers, a few of w?om had different jobs. Se?eral we?e actors ?ho cou?d handle dialogue w?en required. How?ver, s?me members scoffed ?t the idea that ?hat t?ey d?d certified ?s “acting”.[10][39][59] By t?e early 1980s, the rise of residence video ?ad led to th? top of the era ?hen individuals went t? film theaters t? see sex shot ?n 35mm film with manufacturing values, finally culminating ?ith the rise of the internet with?n t?e nineteen nineties ?nd beyond.[59]
Anime Rape Porn
Feminist criticism[edit]
?he ‘Golden Age’ was a period ?f interactions ?etween pornography. ?he contemporaneous second wave ?f feminism. Radical ?nd cultural feminists, together with religious ?nd conservative teams, attacked pornography,[64][65] wher?as ot?er feminists ?ere professional-pornography, equivalent to Camille Paglia, ?ho outlined w?at got ?ere to be often called sex-positive feminism ?n her work Sexual Personae. Paglia ?nd different intercourse-positive ?r pro-pornography feminists accepted porn ?s part ?f t?e sexual revolution ?ith ?ts libertarian sexual themes, comparable t? exploring bisexuality and swinging, f?ee fr?m authorities interference. Th? endorsement of feminine critics ?as essential f?r the credibility of th? transient period ?f “porno chic”.[66][67][68][69]
Golden Age stars[edit]
?he Golden Age ?f Porn, b?tween the years 1969 t? 1984, was break up into t?o waves: the f?rst wave (t?e “porno chic” period), between t?e late 1960s t? early 70s; and, the second wave reportedly “between the late 70s and early 80s”.[70][71]
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Major pornographic movie actors ?f the primary a part ?f th? ‘Golden Age’, t?e “porno chic” period, included:
asian free porn Teen Porn
Bobby Astyr
Rene Bond
Rebecca Brooke
Rick Cassidy
Marilyn Chambers
Zebedy Colt
Carol Connors
Desireé Cousteau
Casey Donovan
Eric Edwards
Samantha Fox
Michael Gaunt
Jamie Gillis
Terri Hall
Annette ?aven
John ?. Holmes (a.ok.?. “Johnny Wadd”)
Mike Horner
Robert Kerman (a.ok.?. “R Bolla”)
Johnny Keyes
?. J. Laing
Gloria Leonard
John Leslie
Linda Lovelace
William Margold
Sharon Mitchell
Constance Money
Wade Nichols
Kay Parker
George Payne
Rhonda ?o Petty
Darby Lloyd Rains
Harry Reems
Vanessa del Rio
Candida Royalle
Herschel Savage
Joey Silvera
Georgina Spelvin
Annie Sprinkle
Marc Stevens
Jessie ?t. James
Paul Thomas
Jennifer Welles
Marlene Willoughby
Second-wave stars[edit]
Tracey Adams
Juliet Anderson (?.okay.a. “Aunt Peg”)
Colleen Brennan
Jerry Butler
Tom Byron
Christy Canyon
Desireé Cousteau
Barbara Dare
Billy Dee
Lisa ?e Leeuw
Debi Diamond
Jeanna Fine
Veronica Hart
Nina Hartley
Ryan Idol
Ron Jeremy
Angel Kelly
Brigitte Lahaie
Hyapatia Lee
Traci Lords
Amber Lynn
Ginger Lynn
Porsche Lynn
Shauna Grant
Shanna McCullough
Kelly Nichols
Peter North
Seka
Long Dong Silver
Randy West
Bambi Woods
Jack Wrangler
Ona Zee
?t t?e time of the maturation of th? second wave, motion pictures mo?e and mo?e w?re b?ing shot on video f?r dwelling release.
?s th?ir popularity rose, ?o did the?r management ?f t?eir careers. John Holmes bec?me the primary recurring porn character ?n t?e “Johnny Wadd” movie sequence directed ?y Bob Chinn. Lisa De Leeuw was one am?ng the primary t? signal an exclusive contract ?ith a significant grownup production company, Vivid Video, ?nd Marilyn Chambers labored in mainstream movies, ?eing ?ne among the first of a small number of crossover porn actors.
Producers[edit]
Major producers ?uring t?e primary wave of th? ‘Golden Age’, t?e “Porno Chic” era, include:
Gerard Damiano
Gregory Dark
Alex ?e Renzy
Radley Metzger (?.k.a. “Henry Paris”)
Mitchell Brothers (Artie and Jim)
Bill Osco
Chuck Vincent
Andy Warhol
?ith the rise ?f video, t?e dominant pornographic movie studios ?f t?e Second Wave interval have b?en VCA Pictures[72] and Caballero Home Video.[73]
Films ?f th? interval[edit]
?ome of the most effective-known grownup erotic films ?f t?e interval embody:
Alice ?n Wonderland (US, 1976)
Barbara Broadcast (U?, 1977)
Be?ind th? Green Door (US, 1972)
Blue Movie (US, 1969)
Boys within the Sand (US, 1971)
Café Flesh (US, 1982)
Caligula (US-IT, 1979)
Candy Stripers (U?, 1978)
Centurians of Rome (U?, 1981)
?he Cheerleaders (U?, 1973)
Debbie Does Dallas (U?, 1978)
Deep Throat (US, 1972)
T?e Devil in Mi?s Jones (US, 1973)
? Dirty Western (US, 1975)
El Paso Wrecking Corp. (U?, 1978)
Flesh Gordon (US, 1974)
The Image (U?, 1975)
Insatiable (US, 1980)
Inside Desiree Cousteau (U?, 1979)
Inside Jennifer Welles (US, 1977)
Kansas City Trucking ?o. (U?, 1976)
L.A. Tool & Die (US, 1979)
Maraschino Cherry (US, 1978)
Memories ?ithin Miss Aggie (U?, 1973)
Mona the Virgin Nymph (US, 1970)
Naked Came t?e Stranger (US, 1975)
T?e brand new Comers (U?, 1973)
N?w Wave Hookers (U?, 1985)
A Night at the Adonis (U?, 1978)
Nightdreams (U?, 1981)
?he Opening of Misty Beethoven (U?, 1976)
The other Side of Aspen (US, 1978)
Pink Narcissus (US, 1971)
Pretty Peaches (U?, 1978)
The Private Afternoons of Pamela Mann (U?, 1974)
Reel People (US, 1984)
Resurrection of Eve (U?, 1973)
Score (U?, 1974)
Sensations (?L, 1975)
Spirit ?f Sev?nty Sex (US, 1976)
The Story of Joanna (US, 1975)
Taboo (U?, 1980)
The Tale of Tiffany Lust (U?, 1979)
Talk Dirty t? Me (US, 1980)
Through the Looking Glass (US, 1976)
See additionally[edit]
55th Street Playhouse
Boogie Nights – 1997 movie ?bout th? Golden Age of Porn
Dave’s Old Porn ? 2011 Tv present discussing 1970s porn films
?he Deuce – 2017 ?v show ?bout the Golden Age ?f Porn
Inside Deep Throat – 2005 documentary movie
Lovelace – 2012 film ?bout Linda Lovelace, star ?f Deep Throat
Ne? Andy Warhol Garrick Theatre
Ordeal – 1980 autobiography ?y Linda Lovelace
Pornography w?thin the United States
?he Rialto Report ? archives ?f th? Golden Age ?f Porn
Sex ?n film
Unsimulated intercourse
Citations[edit]
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^ DeLamater, John; Plante, Rebecca ?., eds. (June 19, 2015). Handbook of th? Sociology ?f Sexualities. Springer. p. 416. ISBN 9783319173412. Retrieved April 30, 2017.
^ Francoeur, Robert ?.; Noonan, Raymond J. (2004). “Denmark within the International Encyclopedia of Sexuality”. International Encyclopedia ?f Sexuality. Archived f?om the unique on January 13, 2011. Retrieved August 22, 2021.
^ Staff (May 31, 2019). “Denmark legalized pornography 50 years ago. Did the decision turn out as anticipated?”. ?he Local. Retrieved August 22, 2021.
^ Staff (July 21, 1969). “Blue Movie (1969)”. AFI Catalog ?f Feature Films. Archived f?om t?e unique on September 8, 2023. Retrieved September 8, 2023.
^ ? b c d e Canby, Vincent (July 22, 1969). “Movie Review – Blue Movie (1968) Screen: Andy Warhol’s ‘Blue Movie'”. Th? new York Times. Archived f?om the unique ?n September 8, 2023. Retrieved September 8, 2023.
^ ? b c d e Canby, Vincent (August 10, 1969). “Warhol’s Red Hot and ‘Blue’ Movie. D1. Print. (behind paywall)”. New York Times. Retrieved December 29, 2015.
^ ? b c d e Comenas, Gary (2005). “Blue Movie (1968)”. WarholStars.?rg. Retrieved December 29, 2015.
^ ? ? c ? “Pornography”. Pornography Girl. Archived fr?m t?e unique on May 6, 2008. Retrieved July 16, 2013. ?he primary explicitly pornographic movie ?ith a plot t?at obtained ? basic theatrical release ?n the U.S. is generally thought-?bout t? be Mona (Mona th? Virgin Nymph)…
^ a b c ? e f Corliss, Richard (March 29, 2005). “That Old Feeling:When Porno Was Chic”. Time. Archived f?om t?e unique on March 13, 2023. Retrieved January 27, 2016.
^ “Sex in Cinema: 1970 Greatest and Most Influential Erotic / Sexual Films and Scenes”. Film ?ite. p. 21. Retrieved January 16, 2012. ?he storyline ?n the film Mona w?s ?ater borrowed, to s?me degree, b? Gerard Damiano in ?is film Deep Throat in 1972.
^ Goupil, Helene; Krist, Josh (2005). San Francisco: ?he Unknowao.u?/books??d=pXAsU1sQG1AC. pp. 238-241. ISBN 1-55152-188-1.
^ ? ? Bentley, Toni (June 2014). “The Legend of Henry Paris”. Playboy. Archived from t?e original ?n February 4, 2016. Retrieved January 26, 2016.
^ ? ? Bentley, Toni (June 2014). “The Legend of Henry Paris” (PDF). Playboy. Retrieved January 26, 2016.
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^ ? b c Blumenthal, Ralph (January 21, 1973). “Porno chic; ‘Hard-core’ grows fashionable-and really profitable”. ?he new York Times Magazine. Retrieved January 20, 2016.
^ ? b From a 1970s interview ?ith Linda Lovelace, proven ?n th? documentary Inside Deep Throat.
^ ? b c “Mafia Money Infiltrates Pornos Movie Business”. Daytona Beach Morning Journal. October 12, 1975. Retrieved September 5, 2016. ?f the pattern continues, t?ese people are going t? ?ecome a major power ?n the movie trade inside a f?w years,” stated Capt. Lawrence Hepburn of the brand new York Police Department’s organized crime division. “The film enterprise goes t? be li?e the garment business, riddled ?ith Mafia influence.
^ Lehman, Peter (2003). Bad: Infamy, Darkness, Evil, ?nd Slime on Screen. Albany, ?ew York: State University of latest York Press. pp. 79-88. ISBN 978-0791459409.
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^ http://www.myalcaponemuseum.com/id111.htm, ?y Al Capone Museum “Vincent ‘The Schemer’ Drucci”, Mario Gomes, accessed 14/6/14
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^ Schlosser, Eric (2004). Reefer Madness: Sex, Drugs, ?nd Cheap Labor within the American Black Market. Mariner Books. ISBN 978-0618446704.
^ Comenas, Gary (1969). “July 21, 1969: Andy Warhol’s Blue Movie Opens”. WarholStars.?rg. Retrieved January 20, 2016.
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^ Staff. “Blue Movie (1969)”. IMDb. Retrieved December 29, 2015.
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^ Staff (August 3, 2012). “The Holbein Studios — No. 154 West 55th Street”. DaytonianInManhattan. Retrieved June 2, 2019.
^ Ebert, Roger (August 25, 1971). “Historyof the Blue movie – Film Review”. RogerEbert.?om. Retrieved June 2, 2019.
^ Rutledge (1989) ?. Sixt? thre?
^ Stevenson p. 113
^ Haggerty, George ?. (2015). A Companion t? Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender, ?nd Queer Studies. John Wiley & Sons. ?. 339. ISBN 9781119000853. Retrieved January 20, 2016.
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^ World Theater ?t CinemaTreasures.?rg
^ a ? c d ? Lewis, Jon (2000). Hollywood v. Hard Core: How t?e Struggle ?ver Censorship Created t?e modern Film Industry. New York, ?ew York: ?ew York University Press. pp. 260-67. ISBN 978-0814751428.
^ Chuck Traynor, speaking ?n the documentary Inside Deep Throat (2005)
^ Williams, Linda (1999). Hard core: power, pleasure, ?nd the “frenzy of the visible”. University ?f California Press. pp. 156-158. ISBN 0-520-21943-0.
^ Robert ?. Kelly; Ko-lin Chin; Rufus Schatzberg (1994). Handbook ?f organized crime within the United States. Greenwood Publishing Group. pp. 301-302. ISBN 0-313-28366-4.
^ ? b Lewis, p.211-212
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General and cited references[edit]
Lewis, Jon (2002). Hollywood ?. Hard Core: How the Struggle O?er Censorship Created th? modern Film Industry. NYU Press. ISBN 0-8147-5143-1.
McNeil, Legs, Jennifer Osborne, ?nd Peter Pavia (2005). The opposite Hollywood: Uncensored Oral History ?f t?e Porn Film Industry. Regan Books. ISBN 0-06-009659-4.
– Rutledge, Leigh (1989). ?he Gay Fireside Companion. Ne? York: Alyson. ISBN 1-55583-164-8.
Spelvin, Georgina (2008). ?he Devil ?ade Me Do It. Lulu.com. ISBN 978-0-615-19907-8.[self-published supply?]
– Stevenson, Jack (2000). Fleshpot: Cinema’? Sexual Myth Makers & Taboo Breakers. Critical Vision. ISBN 1-900486-12-1.
– Weitzer, Ronald John (2000). Sex f?r sale: Prostitution, Pornography, ?nd t?e Sex Industry. N?w York: Routledge. ISBN 0-415-92294-1.