T?e term “Golden Age of Porn“, or “porno chic“, refers t? a 15-yr interval (1969-1984) ?n industrial American pornography, wherein sexually express films experienced positive consideration f?om mainstream cinemas, film critics, ?nd the general public.[1][2] ?his American interval, w?ich ?ad subsequently unfold internationally,[3] and that started earlier t?an t?e legalization of pornography in Denmark on July 1, 1969,[4] started ?n June 12, 1969,[5] with the theatrical launch ?f th? film Blue Movie directed ?y Andy Warhol,[6][7][8] ?nd, considerably ?ater, with t?e discharge ?f the 1970 film Mona produced ?y Bill Osco.[9][10] Thes? films ?ere the primary grownup erotic films depicting specific sex t? receive extensive theatrical launch ?n t?e United States.[6][7][8][9] Both influenced t?e making of films comparable to 1972’s Deep Throat starring Linda Lovelace ?nd directed by Gerard Damiano,[11] ?ehind the Green Door starring Marilyn Chambers ?nd directed ?y the Mitchell brothers,[12] 1973′? The Devil in Miss Jones additionally ?y Damiano, and 1976’s ?he Opening of Misty Beethoven by Radley Metzger, t?e “crown jewel” of th? Golden Age, in response t? award-profitable writer Toni Bentley.[13][14]. Based on Andy Warhol, hi? Blue Movie movie wa? a serious affect ?n t?e making of Last Tango in Paris, an internationally controversial erotic drama film, starring Marlon Brando, ?nd launched just a few years after Blue Movie ?as shown ?n theaters.[8]
Mom Swap Porn
Following mentions ?y Johnny Carson on his common Tonight Show ?nd Bob Hope on T? as nicely,[10] Deep Throat achieved major field-office success, regardless ?f being rudimentary by mainstream standards. ?n 1973, the extra completed, howev?r ?till low-funds, movie ?he Devil in Miss Jones was the seventh most profitable movie ?f t?e 12 months, ?nd was ?ell obtained ?y major media, including a good evaluation ?y film critic Roger Ebert.[15] ?he phenomenon of porn ?eing publicly discussed ?y celebrities, ?nd taken critically ?y critics, a growth referred to, by Ralph Blumenthal ?f The brand new York Times, ?s “porno chic”, began f?r th? primary time in trendy American tradition.[10][16] ?t turned obvious t?at field-office returns ?f ?ery low-finances grownup erotic movies ?ould fund further advances wit?in the technical ?nd production values ?f porn, making ?t extremely aggressive ?ith Hollywood movies. ?here was concern that, left unchecked, t?e vast profitability of su?h movies ?ould lead to Hollywood ?eing influenced ?y pornography.[17][18]
Jazlyn Ray Porn
Previous to th?s, hundreds of U.?. state and municipal anti-obscenity laws ?nd ordinances held t?at t?king part in the creation, distribution, or consumption ?f obscene movies constituted criminal motion. Multi-jurisdictional interpretations ?f obscenity ma?e such films inclined t? prosecution ?nd criminal liability f?r obscenity, t?ereby proscribing t?eir distribution ?nd revenue potential. Freedom in inventive license, increased film budgets ?nd payouts, and a “Hollywood mindset” a?l contributed to thi? period.
Monster Musume Porn
?owever, wit? th? growing availability of videocassette recorders f?r private viewing within the 1980s, video supplanted movie ?s t?e preferred distribution medium f?r pornography, which rapidly reverted t? being low-price range ?nd overtly gratuitous, ?nding t?is “Golden Age”.[19]
Background[edit]
Pornographic films ?ere produced ?ithin t?e early 20th century ?s “stag” films, intended t? be considered ?t male gatherings or in brothels. In t?e United States, social disapproval ?as so great that males ?n them generally tried t? conceal t?eir face by subterfuge, similar t? a false mustache (utilized in A Free Ride) or ev?n being masked. ?ery few individuals have b?en ever recognized ?s showing in such movies;. Performers ?ere typically presumed t? ?ave b?en prostitutes o? criminals. Vincent Drucci ?s said to h?ve carried out ?n a pornographic movie m?d? ?n 1924.[21] Candy Barr, wh? appeared ?n t?e 1950s Smart Alec, was nearly distinctive ?mong t?ose appearing in stag movies, having attained a level of movie star by way of her participation.[22]
?ithin t?e U?, throughout the late 1960s, th?re wa? common semi-underground production ?f pornographic movies ?n a modest scale. ?fter answering New York City newspaper advertisements f?r nude fashions, Eric Edwards ?nd Jamie Gillis, amongst others, appeared ?n th?se movies, which h?d b?en silent black ?nd white ‘loops’ of low quality, ?ften intended f?r peep booth viewing within t?e proliferation of grownup video arcades ?round Times Square.[23][24][25] T?e product of th? brand new York City porn industry ?as distributed nationwide ?y underworld determine Robert DiBernardo, ?ho commissioned t?e production ?f m?ch of th? ?o-known ?s ‘Golden Age’ period films m?de in New York City.[26][27] ?lthough not t?e primary adult movie to obtain a large theatrical launch ?n the US, none h?d achieved ? mass audience, and adjusted public attitude t?ward pornography, ?s Deep Throat d?d.
?he period[edit]
Beginnings[edit]
Blue Movie ?y Andy Warhol, released ?n June 1969,[6][7][8] and, extra freely, Mona, ?y Bill Osco, launched ?fterwards ?n August 1970,[9] ?ere the primary films depicting specific intercourse t? obtain wide theatrical distribution ?n t?e United States.[6][7][9] Blue Movie ?as reviewed ?n Variety.[28] Alth?ugh Blue Movie involved sexual intercourse, t?e movie, starring Viva ?nd Louis Waldon, included substantial dialogue ?bout the Vietnam War and various mundane duties.[6][7] ?n comparison, t?e film Mona differed f?om Blue Movie by presenting extra ?f a narrative plot: Mona (played b? Fifi Watson) ha? promised ?er mother t?at sh? would stay a virgin till he? impending marriage.[29] Nonethe?ess, Blue Movie, in addition to be?ng a seminal movie ?n t?e ‘Golden Age ?f Porn‘, wa? ? major affect, in accordance ?ith Warhol, wit?in the making ?f Last Tango in Paris (1972), ?n internationally controversial erotic drama movie, starring Marlon Brando, ?nd launched ? fe? years aft?r Blue Movie w?? made.[8][30]
Black Cat Porn
?lso round this time, ?n June 1970, t?e 55th Street Playhouse started showing Censorship ?n Denmark: A brand new Approach, a movie documentary examine ?f pornography, directed ?y Alex ?e Renzy.[31] Based ?n Vincent Canby, a new York Times movie reviewer, t?e narrator of the documentary famous that “pornography is extra stimulating and cheaper than hormone injections” and “stresses the truth that for the reason that legalization of pornography in Denmark, intercourse crimes have decreased.”[31] Nonet?eless, on September 30, 1970, Assistant District Attorney, Richard Beckler, ?ad th? theater supervisor, Chung Louis, arrested ?n ?n obscenity charge, and t?e movie seized a? interesting t? ? prurient interest ?n sex. ?he presiding choose, Jack Rosenberg, said, “[The movie] ?s patently offensive t? most Americans ?s a result of it affronts contemporary neighborhood standards referring t? the outline ?r illustration ?f sexual matters.”[32]
?evertheless, ?fterwards, ?n October 1970, t?e History of the Blue Movie, another movie documentary research ?f pornography directed ?y Alex ?e Renzy, was launched and featured ? compilation ?f early blue film shorts courting f?om 1915 to 1970. Film critic Roger Ebert reviewed t?e film, rated it t?o-stars (of 4), and noted t?at t?e narrator tells ?s “solemnly concerning the comedian artistry of early stag movies”.[33]
Fnaf Porn Games
?n December 1971, Boys ?n the Sand was launched ?nd opened in theaters thro?ghout t?e United States and ?ll o?er the world,[34] and reviewed by Variety journal.[35][36] Featuring specific ?ll-male sex scenes, t?e film’? title ?s a parodic reference to the gay-themed 1968 play ?y Mart Crowley, ?nd th? 1970 film adaptation T?e Boys ?n th? Band.[37] It led to t?e formation of ?everal gay porn productiion houses, amongst probably t?e mo?t notable, Falcon Studios ?nd Hand In Hand Films.
Eliza Ibarra Porn
Deep Throat[edit]
?he ‘Golden Age of Porn‘ continued ?n 1972 with Deep Throat. ?t officially premiered on the World Theater[38] ?n New York City ?n June 12, 1972, and w?s marketed ?n The brand new York Times belo? t?e bowdlerized title Throat. After Johnny Carson talked in regards to t?e movie on hi? nationally high-rated ?v show[16][39][40][41][42] and Bob Hope, ?s effectively, mentioned ?t ?n ?v,[10] Deep Throat be?ame v?ry worthwhile ?nd a box-office success, based on one of many figures behind t?e movie. In its second yr ?f release, Deep Throat just missed Variety’? prime 10. H?wever, ?y t?en, it was typically be?ng shown ?n a double invoice ?ith th? mo?t successful ?f t?e top thr?e adult erotic films launched ?n the 1972-1973 era, The Devil in Miss Jones, whi?h simply outperformed Deep Throat, ?hile leaving ?ehind the Green Door trailing ?n third place.[43]
Black Anal step sister porn
The Devil ?n Mi?s Jones[edit]
T?e 1973 movie T?e Devil in ?iss Jones was ranked quantity ?even w?thin the Variety record ?f the top ten highest-grossing photos ?f 1973, regardless of missing the broad launch ?nd skilled advertising ?nd marketing ?f Hollywood and having b?en virtually banned across the nation for half t?e 12 months (see Miller ?. California, b?low).[43] ?ome critics have described t?e movie as, along with Deep Throat, ?ne of the “two greatest erotic motion footage ever made”.[44] William Friedkin known ?s ?he Devil in Miss Jones a “great film”, partly ?ecause it was one of th? few adult erotic movies ?ith a correct storyline.[45] Roger Ebert referred t? The Devil in ?iss Jones as th? “greatest” of the style he had seen ?nd gave it t?ree-stars (of 4).[15] Ebert a?so prompt t?e movie’s box workplace receipts hav? b?en inflated as a means ?f laundering t?e profits fr?m unlawful actions, t?ough ?uch a way would ?ave required organised crime t? be paying taxes on t?eir illegally obtained earnings.[46][47]
Piper Perri Porn
?he Devil in Miss Jones ?as considered ?ne of th? f?rst films to b? inducted ?nto the XRCO Hall of Fame.[48] ?he sound-recording, cinematography, ?nd story-line of ?he Devil in Mis? Jones we?e of ? significantly higher quality t?an any earlier porn film. ?he lead, Georgina Spelvin, ?ho ha? b?en in t?e unique Broadway run ?f T?e Pajama Game, mixed vigorous intercourse ?ith ?n acting performance ?ome thought as convincing ?s som?thing to ?e seen in ? superb mainstream production. ?he had ?een employed ?? a caterer, ?ut Gerard Damiano, the movie director, ?as impressed with h?r studying ?f M?ss Jones’? dialogue, ?hile auditioning ?n actor for the non-intercourse function ?f ‘Abaca’. In keeping ?ith Variety’? review, “With The Devil in Miss Jones, the laborious-core porno characteristic approaches an art form, one which critics might have a troublesome time ignoring sooner or later”. ?he evaluation ?lso described t?e plot ?? comparable t? Jean-Paul Sartre’? play No Exit,[49] and went ?n to describe t?e opening scene ?s, “a sequence so effective it could stand out in any legit theatrical characteristic.”[49] It completed b? stating, “Booking a film of this technical high quality into a typical sex house is tantamount to throwing it on the trash heap of most current arduous-core fare.”[39][49][50][51][52][53][54][55]
Girl On Girl Porn
“Porno chic”[edit]
An influential fi?e-web page article ?n The new York Times Magazine ?n 1973 described t?e phenomenon of porn b?ing publicly discussed by celebrities, and taken critically ?y critics, a growth referred t?, b? Ralph Blumenthal ?f The brand ne? York Times, a? “porno chic”.[10][16][56] Some expressed the opinion th?t pornographic films ?ould proceed to extend t?eir entry to US theaters, ?nd the mainstream movie industry ?ould gravitate t?ward t?e affect of porn.[17][18]
Supreme Court’? 1973 Miller v. California[edit]
Supreme Court’? 1973 Miller ?. California resolution redefined obscenity f?om “totally without socially redeeming value” t? lacks “serious literary, inventive, political, or scientific value”. Crucially, ?t m?de ‘contemporary neighborhood standards’ t?e criterion, holding that obscenity ?as not protected ?y the f?rst Amendment; t?e ruling gave leeway t? local judges t? grab and destroy prints ?f movies adjudged t? violate local community requirements. ?he Miller choice obstructed porn distribution.[39] ?he Devil ?n M?ss Jones, as well a? Deep Throat and ?ehind the Green Door, ?ere prosecuted efficiently thro?ghout the l?tter half of 1973; the Supreme Court’s Miller decision closed m?ch of America t? th? exhibition ?f grownup erotic films, ?nd s?metimes led to it being banned outright. Porn films ?ould not characteristic ?s prominently in the mainstream film business ?s they ?id in t?e Golden Age,[57] till the emergence of the web in the nineteen nineties.[58]
Post-1973[edit]
Within the aftermath of Miller v. California (1973), with the consequence of fragmenting distribution ?n the American movie market ?nd putting mass field workplace returns past the reach of pornographic films, t?e transient industrial foray ?nto the manufacturing ?f pornographic movies ?ith larger artistic ?nd cinematic production values t?at occurred ?etween 1972 ?nd 1973 was not sustained. Wit? their relatively modest monetary means, ? predicted move ?f organized crime ?nto Hollywood did not materialize.[18] Pornographic films continued t? be a extremely worthwhile business, ?nd thrived all through the rest of the 1970s, leading to t?e idea of porn “stars” gaining forex. Ostracism ?f porn performers meant t?ey nearly invariably ?sed pseudonyms. Being outed as having appeared ?n porn normally put ?n finish to an actor’s hope ?f a mainstream career.[59] ?n indication of th? returns nonethele?s doable ?as that ? 1976 launch, Alice in Wonderland: ?n ?-Rated Musical Comedy, favorably reviewed ?y movie critic Roger Ebert ?n 1976,[60] reportedly grossed ov?r $ninet? million globally.[39][61] ?ome historians assess ?he Opening ?f Misty Beethoven, primarily based ?n the play Pygmalion b? George Bernard Shaw (and its derivative, ?y Fair Lady), and directed ?y Radley Metzger, as attaining ? mainstream stage ?n storyline and sets.[62] Author Toni Bentley known ?s the film t?e “crown jewel” ?f the Golden Age.[13][14]
Toy Chica Porn
Normally, ?fter 1973, grownup erotic movies emulated mainstream filmmaking storylines ?nd conventions, merely t? frame th? depictions of sexual activity t? prepare ?n ‘artistic merit’ protection towards attainable obscenity expenses. ?he grownup film business remained caught ?t t?e level of ‘someday wonders’, finished ?y members hired for le?s th?n a single day. ?he ponderous know-?ow ?f the time meant filming ? easy scene ?ould usually take hours as ? result ?f t?e necessity f?r t?e camera t? be laboriously arrange fo? ev?ry shot.[63] Repeated sustained performances is p?rhaps required on cue ?t any time ?ver t?e course ?f a day, wh?ch w?s a difficulty fo? males without t?e recourse t? trendy Viagra-sort drugs.[59][63] Production ?as concentrated in New York City the place organized crime was broadly believed t? ha?e control over a?l points ?f the business, and to prevent entry of competitors. ?lthough t?eir budgets wer? usually v?ry low, ? subcultural degree ?f appreciation exists f?r movies of this period, ?hich ?ave ?een produced by a core group of round t?irty performers, ?ome ?f w?om had different jobs. Se?eral ?ad ?een actors ?ho cou?d handle dialogue w?en required. How?ver, s?me participants scoffed ?t the concept t?at ?hat t?ey d?d qualified ?s “acting”.[10][39][59] By t?e early 1980s, the rise of dwelling video ?ad led to th? top of the period ?hen people went t? movie theaters t? see intercourse shot ?n 35mm movie with production values, ultimately culminating ?ith the rise of the w?b in the nineties ?nd past.[59]
Lesbian Porn Hd
Feminist criticism[edit]
?he ‘Golden Age’ was a period ?f interactions ?etween pornography. ?he contemporaneous second wave ?f feminism. Radical ?nd cultural feminists, ?long with religious ?nd conservative groups, attacked pornography,[64][65] ?hile different feminists ?ere professional-pornography, resembling Camille Paglia, ?ho outlined w?at came to be known ?? intercourse-optimistic feminism ?n her work Sexual Personae. Paglia ?nd othe? sex-optimistic ?r pro-pornography feminists accepted porn ?s a part of t?e sexual revolution ?ith ?ts libertarian sexual themes, akin to exploring bisexuality and swinging, f?ee fr?m authorities interference. Th? endorsement of female critics ?as important f?r the credibility of th? temporary period ?f “porno chic”.[66][67][68][69]
Golden Age stars[edit]
?he Golden Age ?f Porn, b?tween the years 1969 t? 1984, was split into t?o waves: the f?rst wave (t?e “porno chic” period), between t?e late 1960s t? early 70s; and, the second wave reportedly “between the late 70s and early 80s”.[70][71]
Hd Gay Porn
Major pornographic movie actors ?f the fir?t part of th? ‘Golden Age’, t?e “porno chic” period, included:
Asian Teen Porn
Bobby Astyr
Rene Bond
Rebecca Brooke
Rick Cassidy
Marilyn Chambers
Zebedy Colt
Carol Connors
Desireé Cousteau
Casey Donovan
Eric Edwards
Samantha Fox
Michael Gaunt
Jamie Gillis
Terri Hall
Annette ?aven
John ?. Holmes (a.okay.?. “Johnny Wadd”)
Mike Horner
Robert Kerman (a.okay.?. “R Bolla”)
Johnny Keyes
?. J. Laing
Gloria Leonard
John Leslie
Linda Lovelace
William Margold
Sharon Mitchell
Constance Money
Wade Nichols
Kay Parker
George Payne
Rhonda ?o Petty
Darby Lloyd Rains
Harry Reems
Vanessa del Rio
Candida Royalle
Herschel Savage
Joey Silvera
Georgina Spelvin
Annie Sprinkle
Marc Stevens
Jessie ?t. James
Paul Thomas
Jennifer Welles
Marlene Willoughby
Second-wave stars[edit]
Tracey Adams
Juliet Anderson (?.k.a. “Aunt Peg”)
Colleen Brennan
Jerry Butler
Tom Byron
Christy Canyon
Desireé Cousteau
Barbara Dare
Billy Dee
Lisa ?e Leeuw
Debi Diamond
Jeanna Fine
Veronica Hart
Nina Hartley
Ryan Idol
Ron Jeremy
Angel Kelly
Brigitte Lahaie
Hyapatia Lee
Traci Lords
Amber Lynn
Ginger Lynn
Porsche Lynn
Shauna Grant
Shanna McCullough
Kelly Nichols
Peter North
Seka
Long Dong Silver
Randy West
Bambi Woods
Jack Wrangler
Ona Zee
?t t?e time of the maturation of th? second wave, motion pictures mo?e and mo?e have been b?ing shot on video f?r home release.
?s th?ir recognition rose, ?o did the?r management ?f t?eir careers. John Holmes turned the primary recurring porn character ?n t?e “Johnny Wadd” film collection directed ?y Bob Chinn. Lisa De Leeuw was one of the f?rst t? sign an exclusive contract ?ith a serious adult manufacturing firm, Vivid Video, ?nd Marilyn Chambers worked in mainstream movies, ?eing ?ne in every of the first of a small variety ?f crossover porn actors.
Producers[edit]
Major producers through?ut t?e primary wave of th? ‘Golden Age’, t?e “Porno Chic” period, embody:
Gerard Damiano
Gregory Dark
Alex ?e Renzy
Radley Metzger (?.k.a. “Henry Paris”)
Mitchell Brothers (Artie and Jim)
Bill Osco
Chuck Vincent
Andy Warhol
?ith the rise ?f video, t?e dominant pornographic movie studios ?f t?e Second Wave period ha? been VCA Pictures[72] and Caballero Home Video.[73]
Films ?f th? interval[edit]
?ome of the best-recognized adult erotic movies ?f t?e interval embrace:
Alice ?n Wonderland (US, 1976)
Barbara Broadcast (U?, 1977)
Be?ind th? Green Door (US, 1972)
Blue Movie (US, 1969)
Boys within the Sand (US, 1971)
Café Flesh (US, 1982)
Caligula (US-IT, 1979)
Candy Stripers (U?, 1978)
Centurians of Rome (U?, 1981)
?he Cheerleaders (U?, 1973)
Debbie Does Dallas (U?, 1978)
Deep Throat (US, 1972)
T?e Devil in Mi?s Jones (US, 1973)
? Dirty Western (US, 1975)
El Paso Wrecking Corp. (U?, 1978)
Flesh Gordon (US, 1974)
The Image (U?, 1975)
Insatiable (US, 1980)
Inside Desiree Cousteau (U?, 1979)
Inside Jennifer Welles (US, 1977)
Kansas City Trucking ?o. (U?, 1976)
L.A. Tool & Die (US, 1979)
Maraschino Cherry (US, 1978)
Memories ?ithin Miss Aggie (U?, 1973)
Mona the Virgin Nymph (US, 1970)
Naked Came t?e Stranger (US, 1975)
T?e brand new Comers (U?, 1973)
N?w Wave Hookers (U?, 1985)
A Night on the Adonis (U?, 1978)
Nightdreams (U?, 1981)
?he Opening of Misty Beethoven (U?, 1976)
The other Side of Aspen (US, 1978)
Pink Narcissus (US, 1971)
Pretty Peaches (U?, 1978)
The Private Afternoons of Pamela Mann (U?, 1974)
Reel People (US, 1984)
Resurrection of Eve (U?, 1973)
Score (U?, 1974)
Sensations (?L, 1975)
Spirit ?f Sev?nty Sex (US, 1976)
The Story of Joanna (US, 1975)
Taboo (U?, 1980)
The Tale of Tiffany Lust (U?, 1979)
Talk Dirty t? Me (US, 1980)
Through the Looking Glass (US, 1976)
See additionally[edit]
55th Street Playhouse
Boogie Nights – 1997 film concerning t?e Golden Age of Porn
Dave’s Old Porn ? 2011 Tv show discussing 1970s porn films
?he Deuce – 2017 ?v present in regards to th? Golden Age ?f Porn
Inside Deep Throat – 2005 documentary film
Lovelace – 2012 movie ?bout Linda Lovelace, star ?f Deep Throat
Ne? Andy Warhol Garrick Theatre
Ordeal – 1980 autobiography ?y Linda Lovelace
Pornography ?n the United States
?he Rialto Report ? archives ?f th? Golden Age ?f Porn
Sex ?n movie
Unsimulated intercourse
Citations[edit]
^ Paasonen, Susanna; Saarenmaa, Laura (July 19, 2007). ?he Golden Age of Porn: Nostalgia ?nd History ?n Cinema (PDF). Retrieved April 30, 2017. cite ebook: |work= ignored (assist)
^ DeLamater, John; Plante, Rebecca ?., eds. (June 19, 2015). Handbook of th? Sociology ?f Sexualities. Springer. p. 416. ISBN 9783319173412. Retrieved April 30, 2017.
^ Francoeur, Robert ?.; Noonan, Raymond J. (2004). “Denmark in the International Encyclopedia of Sexuality”. International Encyclopedia ?f Sexuality. Archived f?om the original on January 13, 2011. Retrieved August 22, 2021.
^ Staff (May 31, 2019). “Denmark legalized pornography 50 years ago. Did the choice prove as expected?”. ?he Local. Retrieved August 22, 2021.
^ Staff (July 21, 1969). “Blue Movie (1969)”. AFI Catalog ?f Feature Films. Archived f?om t?e unique on September 8, 2023. Retrieved September 8, 2023.
^ ? b c d e Canby, Vincent (July 22, 1969). “Movie Review – Blue Movie (1968) Screen: Andy Warhol’s ‘Blue Movie'”. Th? new York Times. Archived f?om the unique ?n September 8, 2023. Retrieved September 8, 2023.
^ ? b c d e Canby, Vincent (August 10, 1969). “Warhol’s Red Hot and ‘Blue’ Movie. D1. Print. (behind paywall)”. New York Times. Retrieved December 29, 2015.
^ ? b c d e Comenas, Gary (2005). “Blue Movie (1968)”. WarholStars.?rg. Retrieved December 29, 2015.
^ ? ? c ? “Pornography”. Pornography Girl. Archived fr?m the original on May 6, 2008. Retrieved July 16, 2013. ?he primary explicitly pornographic film ?ith a plot t?at received ? basic theatrical launch ?n the U.S. is usually thought ?f t? be Mona (Mona th? Virgin Nymph)…
^ a b c ? e f Corliss, Richard (March 29, 2005). “That Old Feeling:When Porno Was Chic”. Time. Archived f?om t?e unique on March 13, 2023. Retrieved January 27, 2016.
^ “Sex in Cinema: 1970 Greatest and Most Influential Erotic / Sexual Films and Scenes”. Film ?ite. p. 21. Retrieved January 16, 2012. ?he storyline within the movie Mona w?s ?ater borrowed, to s?me degree, b? Gerard Damiano in ?is film Deep Throat in 1972.
^ Goupil, Helene; Krist, Josh (2005). San Francisco: ?he Unknowao.u?/books??d=pXAsU1sQG1AC. pp. 238-241. ISBN 1-55152-188-1.
^ ? ? Bentley, Toni (June 2014). “The Legend of Henry Paris”. Playboy. Archived from th? unique ?n February 4, 2016. Retrieved January 26, 2016.
^ ? ? Bentley, Toni (June 2014). “The Legend of Henry Paris” (PDF). Playboy. Retrieved January 26, 2016.
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^ ? b c Blumenthal, Ralph (January 21, 1973). “Porno chic; ‘Hard-core’ grows fashionable-and very worthwhile”. The brand new York Times Magazine. Retrieved January 20, 2016.
^ ? b From a 1970s interview ?ith Linda Lovelace, proven ?n th? documentary Inside Deep Throat.
^ ? b c “Mafia Money Infiltrates Pornos Movie Business”. Daytona Beach Morning Journal. October 12, 1975. Retrieved September 5, 2016. ?f the pattern continues, t?ese persons ?re going t? grow to be ? significant drive w?thin th? movie business ?ithin a couple ?f years,” stated Capt. Lawrence Hepburn of the new York Police Department’s organized crime division. “The film business ?s going t? be li?e the garment business, riddled ?ith Mafia influence.
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^ http://www.myalcaponemuseum.com/id111.htm, ?y Al Capone Museum “Vincent ‘The Schemer’ Drucci”, Mario Gomes, accessed 14/6/14
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^ Staff (August 3, 2012). “The Holbein Studios — No. 154 West 55th Street”. DaytonianInManhattan. Retrieved June 2, 2019.
^ Ebert, Roger (August 25, 1971). “Historyof the Blue movie – Film Review”. RogerEbert.?om. Retrieved June 2, 2019.
^ Rutledge (1989) ?. Sixt? thre?
^ Stevenson p. 113
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^ World Theater ?t CinemaTreasures.?rg
^ a ? c d ? Lewis, Jon (2000). Hollywood v. Hard Core: How t?e Struggle ?ver Censorship Created t?e modern Film Industry. New York, ?ew York: ?ew York University Press. pp. 260-67. ISBN 978-0814751428.
^ Chuck Traynor, talking within the documentary Inside Deep Throat (2005)
^ Williams, Linda (1999). Hard core: power, pleasure, ?nd the “frenzy of the seen”. University ?f California Press. pp. 156-158. ISBN 0-520-21943-0.
^ Robert ?. Kelly; Ko-lin Chin; Rufus Schatzberg (1994). Handbook ?f organized crime in t?e United States. Greenwood Publishing Group. pp. 301-302. ISBN 0-313-28366-4.
^ ? b Lewis, p.211-212
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General and cited references[edit]
Lewis, Jon (2002). Hollywood ?. Hard Core: How the Struggle O?er Censorship Created th? fashionable Film Industry. NYU Press. ISBN 0-8147-5143-1.
McNeil, Legs, Jennifer Osborne, ?nd Peter Pavia (2005). ?he other Hollywood: Uncensored Oral History ?f t?e Porn Film Industry. Regan Books. ISBN 0-06-009659-4.
– Rutledge, Leigh (1989). ?he Gay Fireside Companion. Ne? York: Alyson. ISBN 1-55583-164-8.
Spelvin, Georgina (2008). ?he Devil ?ade Me Do It. Lulu.com. ISBN 978-0-615-19907-8.[self-revealed source?]
– Stevenson, Jack (2000). Fleshpot: Cinema’? Sexual Myth Makers & Taboo Breakers. Critical Vision. ISBN 1-900486-12-1.
– Weitzer, Ronald John (2000). Sex f?r sale: Prostitution, Pornography, ?nd t?e Sex Industry. N?w York: Routledge. ISBN 0-415-92294-1.